Rhinoscopy
This procedure is used to evaluate patients with clinical signs such as sneezing, nasal discharge, nasal congestion, or nasal bleeding. It is allows visualization of the nasal cavity and the back of the throat. Rhinoscopy is usually combined with imaging such as nasal CT scan to improve the diagnostic accuracy. During the procedure, samples of tissue can be obtained for analysis to determine a cause for the clinical signs. In addition, foreign bodies can be removed.
Tracheoscopy/Bronchoscopy
These procedures are commonly performed together to evaluate the trachea and the lower airways. Patients with chronic cough, respiratory difficulties, pneumonia, or airway disease can benefit from these evaluations. In addition to visualizing the airways, samples can be obtained using bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) or an endoscopic brush for cytology and cultures.